The Fallibility of Psychological Testing

Psychological Testing has become rampant across industries, more so in the case of Information Technology, BPOs and ITES companies. These tests are used to 'throw up' personality profiles and competency descriptions that would help companies recruit the 'right' candidate. The Human Resources department in most organizations is responsible for the administering of Psychometric tests.

The International body that sets guidelines for testing is the International Test Commission ( ITC ) which stipulates guidelines for adaptation and usage of tests. ITC has issued guidelines to cover the following ?

Professional and ethical standards in testing

Rights of the test candidate and other parties involved in the testing process

Choice and evaluation of alternative tests

Test administration, scoring and interpretation

Report writing and feedback.

ITC has defined competence in test usage as, " A Competent test user will use tests appropriately, professionally and in an ethical manner, paying due regard to the needs and rights of those involved in the testing process, the reasons for testing, and the broader context in which the testing takes place."

There are many reasons why a test can be fallible ?

1. Inappropriate usage of Tests

The norms for which the tests have been designed have to be considered carefully. They cannot be administered to a population that is different from the norm population ( Norm Population for example could be, adolescents, Senior Executives; norms could be based on age, occupation, gender, economic status etc. ). That is, a test designed for adolescents cannot be administered on Senior Executives and vice versa because the results of such administration would be faulty.

2. Culture Fair Testing

Another common flaw is in the usage of tests which are not culture fair. Many psychological tests have been designed for the western population and can be used appropriately only in that culture. Unfortunately many of these tests are used on the Indian population giving rise to faulty conclusions.

3. Design of Test

The psychological test can only be designed by professionals qualified in psychometrics. Many a time lay people design tests using the help of information accessed through the internet or sometimes even from their own common sense. Such tests are not valid.

4. Validation of tests

Every test that has been designed has to be validated. The process of validation would involve administering the test on a large population over a period of time before it is certified as 'ready for use'. This cannot be done from tests that are fabricated overnight.

5. Downloaded Tests

Often tests are downloaded from the Internet and are used for purposes other than for which they have been designed. For example, a personality test being used to test the Emotional Intelligence or Team Skills of a person.

6. Wrong Customization

Sometimes the items of a test are changed to suit the user. In such instances the test cannot give valid results. For example an item ( a question / statement in the test ) would state ? " Do you usually date on weekends ?" , could be changed to " Do you socialize on weekends? " to fit the Indian scenario. The results of the test with such changed 'items'will not be not valid.

7. Test Administration

The test administration should be systematically standardized, i.e., the test should be administered under exactly the same conditions to all users. This means that the actual test environment, the instructions, the timing and the materials are the same on every test occasion. Before administering the test the user must consider the following guidelines ?

? What is the purpose of testing?

? What outcomes will be achieved through testing?

? Why are these specific tests being used?

? Why are these tests relevant to the outcomes being sought?

? What evidence is there that these tests are appropriate for the people who are to be assessed?

8. Confidentiality of Test Results

All results of tests must be maintained by the administrator in strict confidence. Revealing the results could lead to unfair discrimination in the workplace. This happens when a test used for selection is disadvantageous to certain 'groups' within the organization. In the US, the use of IQ tests in employee selection has been prohibited. This was due to the lack of confidentiality maintained by the administrators which resulted in employees being unfairly discriminated. At present any psychometric test has to be administered with utmost care and after the requisite permissions is obtained.

To ensure confidentiality, the following guidelines should be considered:

1. Ensure that test materials are kept securely

2. Ensure secure storage of and control access to test materials.

3. Respect copyright law and agreements that exist with respect to a test including any prohibitions on the copying or transmission of materials in electronic or other forms to other people, whether qualified or otherwise.

4. Protect the integrity of the test by not coaching individuals on actual test materials or other practice materials that might unfairly influence their test performance.

5. Ensure that test techniques are not described publicly in such a way that their usefulness is impaired.

9. Competence of Test Administrator and Interpreter

The personnel administering the tests have to be strict in following the instructions stipulated by the test designers. The interpretations too have to be done by qualified personnel who are psychologists.

10. Limitation of tests

The tests are 'limited' for the purposes for which they have been designed. For a holistic assessment of an individual, it is required that the test results are supplemented by information from interviews and group discussions. In addition the test results are not valid after eighteen months of its administration.

11. Test Copyrights

It is an offence to copy tests that have been copyrighted. They can only be used after the necessary permission is obtained from the designers. Otherwise this illegal copying may lead to lack of standardization in Test conditions and poor control of materials.

12. Test feedback

Often times the guidelines for feedback are not followed by the Users. The British Psychological Society has set out the following guidelines for written and oral feedback:

? Ensure that the technical and linguistic levels of any reports are appropriate for the level of understanding of the recipients.

? Make clear that the test data represent just one source of information and should always be considered in conjunction with other information.

? Explain how the importance of the test results should be weighted in relation to other information about the people being assessed.

? Use a form and structure for a report that is appropriate to the context of the assessment.

? When appropriate, provide third parties with information on how results may be used to inform their decisions.

? Explain and support the use of test results used to classify people into categories (e.g. for diagnostic purposes or for job selection).

? Include within written reports a clear summary, and when relevant, specific recommendations.

? Present oral feedback to test takers in a constructive and supportive manner.

http://alliancebschool.org

---

Ebooks, Scripts, Websites, and more...

Adsense websites

Make a Great First Impression

Searching for employment is one of the most nerve-racking activities... Read More

Mystery Shopping for Fun and Profit

How would you like to get paid to go shopping?... Read More

Staying In The Game

The message came from Human Resources. There's nothing to worry... Read More

A Peek at Nursing as a Career

We need more people to choose nursing as a career.... Read More

How to Pick the Best Career For You , Part 2: From Exposure-to-Opportunity

Gain an audience by recognizing opportunity There's a sexier method... Read More

Professional Moms: How to Get Ready to Re-Enter the Workforce

Finally! Your youngest is in school and you are ready... Read More

Thank-You Notes: An Integral Part of Your Career Design

There is one little practice that is vital to generating... Read More

Technology in the Workplace - Boon or Curse?

Like all new innovations, technology in the work environment can... Read More

4 Tips for Making Successful Job Offers

The interviews are completed, the paperwork is all filled out... Read More

Stop Searching for A Job and Start Attracting Professional Success!

1. Assess ? Evaluate your skills, interests and abilities. Understand... Read More

Salary, Raises, & Perks: Negotiate to Get Paid What Youre Worth!

Salary negotiation requires preparation and good timing. It's important to... Read More

Take the Personal Out of the Workplace: Leave Your Troubles at the Door!

Bringing your emotional baggage into the work place is inappropriate... Read More

Job Search Campaign Tip: An Activity Diary

Looking for a job involves a wide range of responsibilities:... Read More

Career Change - Creating Wealth & Happiness

Whether you have a business idea or not, here's what... Read More

Work In Dubai

Dubai is home to an exciting, diverse, multi-cultural blend of... Read More

4 Niche Job-Search Tips

Looking for a job on the Internet can be daunting.... Read More

My Career is in the Doldrums - Do I Need a Coach or a Therapist?

Is Monday the worst day of your week? Can you... Read More

Career Searching: A Vision Without A Plan is a Hallucination

Success is not always something you necessarily find when you... Read More

Tips for Getting Your Movie Career Launched

Hollywood helps those who help themselves! In you want to... Read More

How To Get A Job Writing Speeches

Jobs in speech writing are amongst the most difficult to... Read More

Three Tips for Successful Networking

I generally shy away from using the word "networking" when... Read More

Ideal Job and Handling Criticism

How many times have you been asked, "What is your... Read More

Children At Work: Looking at Child Labor in the Victorian Age

Today, it isn't that uncommon for some children and teenagers... Read More

Phone Interviews: Prepare to Ace Them!

More companies are saving time and effort by doing initial... Read More

Why Employers Want an Employee with a Degree

You wake up in the morning, head to work, and... Read More